Humanities Homework Help

1) Describe hydraulic systems. Why do the construction and maintenance of canals set up a situation that can lead to state level organization?

2) The presence of foraging and horticultural groups in the present, and throughout thousands of years of history since chiefdoms and states were established, is one indication that they are not just steps on the progression toward more complex social systems. Instead, in many cases it appears that the lack of social complexity was advantageous for foragers and horticulturalists. What do you think are some conditions that would favor remaining in smaller, less complex groups? What conditions drive the shift to complexity, as seen in chiefdoms and states?

Minimum length 250 words.