Humanities Homework Help

Structural functionalism focuses on ______, such as the family, religion, or education.

Group of answer choices

belief systems

social constructs

social institutions

culture

What is the conflict perspective?

Group of answer choices

A focus on the social institutions that are embedded in society

A view of society in which people compete for social and economic resources

A view of society that consists of interdependent parts that work together to promote common good

A focus on the interactions between individuals

What is an example of a manifest function of the family?

Group of answer choices

owning property

promoting religious values

upholding marriage as a social institution

socializing children

A symbolic interactionist would most likely study a corporation’s decision to hire a white applicant over a better qualified racial minority by studying the ______.

Group of answer choices

the experiences of both applicants

hiring practices of several other major corporations

hiring policy of the corporation

racial makeup of the corporation’s employees

Structural functionalism is a theory that ______.

Group of answer choices

was developed by Max Weber to explain inequalities

suggests individuals work to promote their interests instead of society’s

demonstrates that society is comprised of disjointed beliefs and rituals

sees society as a complex system whose parts are interdependent

Structural functionalist theorists view society as harmonious, whereas conflict theorists view society as ______.

Group of answer choices

traditional

equal

oppressive

ordered

What is the symbolic interactionist perspective?

Group of answer choices

It studies the way components of society work to everyone’s mutual benefit.

It studies the conflict that occurs with inequality.

It studies the way status levels separate groups from one another.

It studies the social construction of reality through the use of shared symbols.

According to symbolic interactionists, how is culture created?

Group of answer choices

Those in power create culture based on what they want.

Culture is created from the class structure and functions of society.

Society creates laws for people to follow, which leads to culture.

Groups of individuals create culture through shared symbols.

Conflict theorists do NOT see societal problems as a result of individual bad behavior.

Group of answer choices

True

False

What is the most common form of data collection among sociologists?

Group of answer choices

surveys and interviews

ethnographic study

historical

observation

The scientific method is best described as ______.

Group of answer choices

an explanation made on the basis of limited evidence and information

a statement or theory that is proven through argumentation

reliance on traditional authority and previous research

steps researchers take, including developing a question, and collecting, analyzing, and reporting data

A professor conducts a study using students as participants. Some of the students wanted to drop out of the study, but the professor told them they needed to stay in the study in order to provide valid results. What was violated in this study?

Group of answer choices

informed consent

observational method

empirical research

content analysis

How would a researcher conduct an ethnographic study about people from a different culture?

Group of answer choices

by studying previous research about this culture

by traveling to that culture and learning about how they live

by looking at relationships between this culture and another culture

by creating a series of questions to ask members of that culture

Qualitative methods rely on ______, while quantitative methods rely primarily on ______.

Group of answer choices

observation; surveys

surveys; interviews

numbers; words and images

words and images; numbers

A cultural group that exists within another, larger culture is a ______.

Group of answer choices

homogenous culture

material culture

fixed culture

subculture

The Ku Klux Klan is an example of a ______.

Group of answer choices

low culture

main culture

counterculture

radical culture

Which situation best describes what a role is in society?

Group of answer choices

a socially expected behavior usually determined by an individual’s status

the lack of power based on the increasing poverty of middle class workers

the type of job someone has and how much money they receive for it

a gendered performance based on opportunity

The ongoing process of learning the social expectations of male and female behavior, roles, and appearance in one’s culture refers to gender ______.

Group of answer choices

fluidity

segregation

socialization

expression

The process of socialization occurs through social interactions with other members of a society.

Group of answer choices

True

False

Due to budget cuts, a boss is forced to fire an employee who is a close friend. The boss is most likely experiencing ______.

Group of answer choices

role strain

social dissonance

a mixed role situation

role conflict

The ______ perspective perceives deviance as socially constructed and focuses on power dynamics in determining who is considered deviant.

Group of answer choices

anomie

conflict

symbolic interactionist

functionalist

Which theory notes that someone is defined as deviant because others react to the person as such?

Group of answer choices

structural functionalist

conflict

labeling

biased

A white business executive is convicted of embezzlement but is given probation over imprisonment. A minority youth is convicted of petty theft and is sentenced to three months in jail. How would the conflict perspective explain this?

Group of answer choices

The businessman is able to pay the money back, so no crime was committed.

The in-person theft is statistically more important.

The legal system tends to punish deviance by the poor and minorities more harshly.

The businessman has committed a minor wrongdoing.

Structural functionalists believe that inequality ______.

Group of answer choices

serves an important purpose in society

results in the wrong segment of society receiving the most rewards

will not continue as globalization has more impact on society

is nonproductive and unnecessary for society

Karl Marx argued that members of the proletariat class are convinced, through the control of media, that the bourgeoisies deserve their wealth and that if they work hard, they too can become rich. Marx termed this which of the following?

Group of answer choices

False consciousness

False dichotomy

False social construct

False ideology

Which example demonstrates intergenerational mobility?

Group of answer choices

A young female graduates from college and gets a high paying job at her mother’s law firm.

An older male is laid off due to a recession.

A female is promoted to CEO after working for the same company for 25 years.

A young male grows up in poverty and eventually becomes CEO of a large company.

______ is the unofficial barrier that prevents women from advancing to higher levels of power within a work organization.

Group of answer choices

The gender wage gap

A glass ceiling

Gender role confusion

A glass elevator

How would a structural functionalist explain gender?

Group of answer choices

Gender and sex are basically one and the same, and are used to define roles in society.

Gender and sex are distinct and separate concepts that can sometimes work against each other.

Gender plays no role in the distribution of power.

Gender identifies the sex of the individual and sex identifies their roles in society.

How does conflict theory view the division of labor by gender?

Group of answer choices

Men and women work in jobs that match their intellectual ability.

Women choose jobs that are more nurturing and supportive, which is in line with their personality traits.

Men and women both fulfill roles that help society continue to prosper.

Men have more opportunity in higher paying professions, which leaves women with less money and power.

Gender ______ occurs as an individual learns the expectations of being a man or woman in a certain place and time.

Group of answer choices

segregation

script

socialization

role conflict

Shared language, religion, and national origin of a particular group of people refers to ______.

Group of answer choices

ethnicity

society

race

class

An elderly man who identifies as Mexican recalls how the U.S. Census in 1940 categorized Mexican people as “white.” This is an example of ______.

Group of answer choices

fixed categories of race

socially constructed race

fluid categories of ethnicity

biologically constructed race

Which description best characterizes the concept of race?

Group of answer choices

a socially constructed category based on perceived differences due to physical appearance

a fixed biological basis for racial classification

a concrete genetic difference along racial lines

a group of people sharing the same physical and social traits

Which description best characterizes the concept of race?

Group of answer choices

a socially constructed category based on perceived differences due to physical appearance

a fixed biological basis for racial classification

a concrete genetic difference along racial lines

a group of people sharing the same physical and social traits

Pluralist theory sees the state as a ______ forum, where different groups make their preferences known.

Group of answer choices

antagonistic

competitive

destabilizing

neutral

Conflict theorists see the state as a ______ forum, where a dominant elite is able to control policy.

Group of answer choices

neutral

diffused

balanced

battleground

A social unit that provides a basis for emotional bonds and consists of a group of people who take responsibility for one another refers to a(n) ______.

Group of answer choices

family

extended family

multigenerational family

nuclear family

According to the ______ perspective, families serve as a socialization agent and provide social stability and social harmony.

Group of answer choices

feminist

conflict

structural functionalism

symbolic interactionist

Studies show that the strongest predictor for educational success is ______.

Group of answer choices

an individual’s personality and sense of work ethic

the parents’ education and income levels

encouragement from teachers and administrators

socialization skills and the ability to make friends

According to the ______ perspective, public schools promote social mobility, as well as enable everyone to succeed and contribute to society.

Group of answer choices

functionalist

symbolic interactionist

conflict

feminist

According to sociological research on schools, in addition to inequality between wealthy and poor schools, inequality in the classroom occurs daily. Which group is at the greatest risk for racial bias inside the classroom?

Group of answer choices

White males

Black males

Asian males

Asian females

Based on secularization theory, how would modernization impact religious organizations in a technologically advanced country?

Group of answer choices

by reducing the influence religion has on society

by promoting religion to all areas of the world

by increasing acceptance of different religions

by increasing congregation members online

Which major sociological theory understands religion to be an institution that creates norms, customs, and practices that maintain social order?

Group of answer choices

symbolic interactionism

conflict theory

critical theory

structural functionalism

Which type of theorist would note that religion helps maintain systems of social stratification and religious figures who hold power use it to exploit disenfranchised populations?

Group of answer choices

structural functionalist

feminist

symbolic interactionist

conflict

Black Lives Matter is an example of a(n) ______ social movement.

Group of answer choices

redemptive

revolutionary

reformative

alternative

The text describes two ways that may cause social movements to fail: repression and ______, which occurs when the leadership of the movement begins to identify with the targets of social change and starts to work more for them than for the original movement goals.

Group of answer choices

appropriation

co-optation

adoption

confiscation

A woman living in a rural neighborhood where fracking is occurring wants to bring attention to this problem. She begins calling neighbors and trying to get them to help. Which stage of organizing a social movement does this describe?

Group of answer choices

coordination

coalescence

mobilization

interaction