Humanities Homework Help

• James Marcia

17. Concern with the Ego rather than the ID means that we view the person in terms of the social forces that help shape development in interaction with biological drives.

TF

18. Erikson believed that life crises involve:

a. the person’s biological maturation

b. the person’s environmental situation

c. the person’s biological maturation and societal influences

d. none of the above

19. According to Erikson, we can skip a life stage if we are not successful at it.TF

20. Read the following vignette pertaining to Erikson’s life stages.

Carrie is a 36-year-old woman who is being seen currently for counseling at the community mental health center. Her second marriage recently ended in divorce and she has sought counseling so that she might “find” herself and get her life “back on track.” Carrie married for the first time at age 18, but she and her husband grew increasingly apart and found they had little in common, other than their two children. She remarried shortly after her first divorce as she felt “empty” being alone and thought both she and her children needed a man in the house, but that marriage also proved unsuccessful. She is now thinking of attending college and is trying to figure out what to do “with the rest of her life.”

Carrie’s current crisis is most likely that of:

• Industry vs. inferiority
• Stagnation vs. Generativity
• Intimacy vs. Isolation
• Identity vs. Role confusion
  • identity foreclosure
  • identity moratorium
  • identity diffusion
  • identity formation
  • both b & d

21. Erikson’s advice to parents is to treat their children like adults by sharing adult troubles and issues with them.TF

22. A college junior who has switched majors three times but is now happy with her newfound career at Home Depot, can be said to have experienced:

23. The belief held by many adolescents that they are insulated from harmful events is known as:

• egocentrism
• imaginary audience
• invincibility fable
• mental set

24. Hormonal changes are the most important contributor to the storm and stress experienced by some adolescents.

TF

25. According to neurocognitive research, brain development proceeds from back to front, thus the prefrontal cortex region is not developed completely until the early to mid-20s.

TF

26. The brain development described in the above question may account, in part, for the poor impulse control and erratic behavior sometimes observed in adolescence.

TF

27. Myelination can actually be harmful to the adolescent brain.

TF

28. The challenges that often accompany changes seen in adolescence can be attributed to:

a. hormones

b. increased societal expectations

c. poor support system

d. structural changes in the brain

e. all of the above

29. Peer pressure, low body self-esteem, and the propensity for mood swings all

peak in:

• early adolescence (11-12)
• mid adolescence (14-15)
• late adolescence (17-18)
• these things never peak

30. Adolescents often “try on” different selves in order to:

a. please others

b. belong to a group

c. avoid rejection

d. all of the above

31. The significant cognitive changes that occur between later childhood and adolescence reflect:

a. quantitative changes

b. qualitative changes

c. a return to egocentrism

d. both b & c

e. none of the above

32. Which of the following people might benefit the most from seeing a Jungian therapist?

• a child
• an adolescent
• an adult
• all of them

33. According to Jung, true individuation cannot occur until the second half of the person’s life.

TF

34. What type of personality development would we expect a traditional-age college student to

experience?

• internal
• external
• both
• neither

35. Jung believed that in order to find the inner meaning of life, one must hold onto past accomplishments.TF

36. Developmental research has revealed that midlife crisis is not a universal phenomenon.

TF

37. To help a person achieve individuation, Jung would suggest:

• systematic desensitization
• dream interpretation
• free association
• self-regulation

38. Jung believed dreams are:

• disguises of our amoral nature
• a direct link to our unconscious
• neurocognitive signals
• none of the above

39. Remembering the Jungian concept of archetypes, do you think Jung would focus on

people’s:

a. uniqueness

b. shared human attributes

40. Jung believes that the Self and Ego Strength gives us our inner urge to balance our polarities.

T F

41. In order to be individuated, a person must abide by all of society’s rules and norms.

T F

42. The premise of postformal thinking is:

• there is always one right answer to a problem
• every idea has an opposite truth
• situations and solutions are often changeable
• both b & c

43. The prevalence of drug and alcohol usage, including the abuse of prescription drugs, is higher in early adulthood than it is in adolescence.TF

44. Understanding that the concept “honesty is the best policy” may not be practical in some life situations is an example of:

• egocentrism
• individuation
• postformal thinking
• concrete operational thinking

45. Howard Gardner believes that the only true intelligence is that which is measured on standardized IQ tests.TF

46. Cardio exercise is the best way to build muscle mass and therefore enhance organ reserve.

TF

47. Successful aging largely depends on:

a. activity level

b. education

c. opportunities for making life choices

d. physical health

e. all of the above

48. Organ reserve and muscle mass have____________ with our longevity.

a. an inverse, or negative correlation

b. a positive correlation

c. a curvilinear correlation

d. no correlation

49. Some cognitive declines/changes are inevitable after the age of:

a. 40b. 50c. 60d. 70

50. Elisabeth Kubler Ross promotes the idea that there is a single, universal way to view death, and that the ideal view is that held by many in mainstream US society. TF

51. The Hayflick Limit shows us that under ideal circumstances human stem cells can divide indefinitely. TF

52. Although physical exercise is important for physical health, it is a doubtful aid to mental health and wellness. TF

53. Alzheimer’s is a byproduct of the senescence process.

TF

54. Humanistic psychology was in direct opposition to behaviorism because

a. humanists felt behaviorists placed too much attention on internal drives

b. humanists felt behaviorism did not focus enough on the personal dignity and free will of the person to change a life situation

c. humanists thought behaviorists needed to focus even more on human behavior than they already did

d. all of the above

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Part II: Short Answers – You must answer the first TWO questions, then answer any 4 of the remaining 5 questions (5 points each).

1. From the article, The Gray Divorce Revolution, what is the trend in divorce rates among middle-aged adults in the US? And, the article states: “…our analyses provide indirect evidence of what could be the primary factor in this trend: …”. What is the primary factor suggested in the article that may account for the new trend in midlife divorces?

2. Discuss two sociocultural inequalities that may underlie the disparity in life expectancy in the US based on ethnicity and geographic area of residence.

3. What role does the anima play in a self-identified male’s individuation process?

4. How, specifically, does a person’s educational level correlate with secondary aging outcomes? And, speaking of education, do you think Maria Montessori would support Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences? Why or Why not? Please be specific.

5. Discuss three things (from the ppt.) that bring about the qualitative cognitive advances experienced in adolescence. Discuss how these qualitative brain changes translate into adolescents’ ability to form a deeper ethnic identity (per the video on ethnic identity development).

6. Why does Kubler Ross say that depression is the most important stage of the death and dying process? (Please explain the reasoning behind this statement.) And, from the perspective of modern humanism, why can it be said that Kubler Ross’s theory is phenomenological?

7. In research studies on the aging brain, why was it vital to separate healthy aging brains from brains with plaque and dendrite loss indicating dementia? AND, how might the reporting of these data affect cultural expectations of the cognitive functioning of older adults?

**********BONUS QUESTIONS (points listed next to each question)

1. Erikson’s stage in which a child must resolve the conflict between engaging in productive tasks, projects, etc., and feeling inadequate is:(1 pt.)

a.Trust vs. Mistrust

b.Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

c.Identity vs. Identity confusion

d.Industry vs. Inferiority

2. What is Hayflick’s first name? ____________________(1 pt.)

3. The hormone that causes drowsiness and has a different time release in adolescence is

________________________.(1 pt.)

4. From the article on the medicalization of death & dying, would Elisabeth Kubler Ross support the idea of palliative care? Why or why not? (Answer can be very brief.)(2 pts.)

**It’s been a delight having each and every one of you in class this semester, both face to face and online. Take care, stay healthy, and have a wonderful summer!