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Non-Experimental Research Methods: Phenomenology and Ethical Considerations in Behavioral and Qualitative Research

Some qualitative studies may warrant exploration of patterns and themes, while others may need to extrapolate specific values around a given phenomenon. For phenomenological methods, the primary concerns are about participant lived experiences, conscious awareness of the experiences, and the meaning that may be attributed (also referred to as units; Privitera, 2017). Sometimes an object may be utilized in support of the conscious experiences, such as a person, place, or particular sentimental object. The accounts are provided from the participant’s direct experiences – first-person perspective. Therefore, participants recall and reflect on the lived experience of the particular phenomenon being studied (Privitera, 2017). For example, if researching about the lived experiences of loss, the participants would be recounting those direct experiences of the loss.

This week, you will explore the foundation of the phenomenological method and its forms and primary units of analysis. You will review its historical roots, particular forms of development and focus (such as interpretive, descriptive, and transcendental), and the intricacies of its application. You will also review ethical foundations specific to phenomenological methods, but also with each method particular to non-experimental designs.

Pt 1:

Instructions

Now, you will add information from this week’s materials to your Research Chart.

In the corresponding section, provide the name(s) of the method you reviewed, its primary use and when it should be used, strengths and limitations of the method, ethical considerations, and one example of when the method could be used (include your interests or something more general).

Pt 2

You will now assess a scenario related to phenomenology. You are invited to be creative with the scenarios in so far as how they relate to the method and the questions posed for evaluation.

Here is the scenario for this week:

You are a research psychologist asked to gain understanding of college undergraduate students’ experiences of campus life.

In your approach to this scenario, prepare a brief paper that evaluates the following:

• Using the phenomenological method, explain the data you would collect and why. *Hint: Consider the language that addresses the method’s focus such as bracketing, units of experience, and so on.
• Explain how you would collect this data.
• Determine what would be considered the objects of awareness, where conscious experiences may occur in this scenario (try to consider as many as you can, given the context).
• Explore how the context could influence participants (their conscious experiences). Be sure to explain and support your answer.
• Estimate how these and/or other influences might influence the trustworthiness of the data. Be sure to explain and support your answer.

Support your assignment with at least one scholarly resource. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources, including seminal articles, may be included.

Length: 1-2 pages, not including title and reference pages

Your assignment should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic.

Pt 3

For this week’s reflection, consider the following points:

• Explain the research situations that may require you to use phenomenology (be sure to give examples/be specific).
• Examine the limitations and benefits learned about this method and its use.
• Analyze any ethical considerations with implementing this method.
• Reflect on your experience with this week’s scenario activity.
• Include any questions you may have for your professor.

Length: 2-3 pages, not including the title page (and resource page if applicable)

Your assignment should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards where appropriate.