Science Homework Help

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Week 1 Discussion Forum

In your assigned readings, you learned how inductive and deductive reasoning are used to answer questions about life. Briefly compare and contrast each type of reasoning as they apply to biological investigation. Which, if any, type of reasoning is best used to establish cause and effect relationships? Explain your rationale using one or more examples.

Be sure to use in text citation and provide references for your sources. While not required for this discussion, you may use outside resources. When citing articles or other types of document, follow standard guidelines as introduced on this [page] (http://tim.thorpeallen.net/Courses/Reference/Citations.html “Citing references in scientific research papers”).

After posting your discussion on the forum, briefly comment in a constructive manner to at least three of your peer’s postings. In your comments, you may for instance refer to how your own experience supports/contradicts the opinions developed by your peers. You may also ask for more detailed examples supporting these opinions, if you think they are too general or not rooted enough in personal experience. In particular, make sure that the examples provided are properly referenced and that you are able to access them. Overall, your comments should contribute positively to the conversation by broadening or clarifying it.

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Week 1 Laboratory Assignment

Dieting is common in our society and everyone wants a piece of the action. So many diets are available to choose from if someone wants to change their health; e.g., lose weight, gain muscle mass, etc. Often times, diets are promoted with claims of great success and little scientific evidence to support the claims.

For the purposes of this assignment, you are to choose a particular diet and analyze it in terms of scientific evidence, or lack thereof. Then, you are to design a controlled experiment to test a hypothesis based on this diet. The experiment must include multiple individuals within a control and experimental group. You must specify how you will measure the outcome of the experiment identifying both the independent and dependent variables. You must describe the potential outcomes of the experiment in terms of supporting the hypothesis. Please note, you are not required to PERFORM this experiment.

Write a 2-3 page (500 – 750 words, 12 point font) paper including the following elements. Be sure to compose your work with your own words. Do not copy and paste from any source.

• Describe the basic nature of the diet including the reasoning for how it works.
• Analyze the diet for any scientific evidence to support its effectiveness.
• Design a controlled experiment to test the effectiveness of the diet. Be sure to identify control and experimental group, and the independent and dependent variable.
• Use in-text citation and provide source references for at least 3 sources. The textbook can be one source. When citing articles or other types of documents, follow standard guidelines as introduced on this [page] http://tim.thorpeallen.net/Courses/Reference/Citations.html “Citing references in scientific research papers”).

If you are having difficulties grasping particular concepts from the textbook or if you want to explore them more in details, you could watch videos about biology on Khan Academy at https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology “Khan Academy Biology”. The videos are categorized and named according to the concept they explain, so it should be easy to find those that are relevant to study. When you access the website, the first four topics are relevant to this Unit – Intro to Biology, Chemistry of Life, Water, and Properties of Carbon.

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Week 2 Discussion Forum

In your assigned readings, you learned about biological molecule synthesis and degradation. Our cells are busy both building and breaking down macromolecules for both structural and functional purposes. Enzymes are necessary for the effective synthesis and degradation of macromolecules. Metabolic diseases result from either the lack of or defective enzymes. For this discussion, you will select a specific metabolic disorder. Describe the defect in metabolism responsible for the disorder identifying any enzyme(s) involved. Analyze the symptoms of the disease based on the metabolic disturbance. Discuss therapy available for treatment of the disorder. Does the therapy treat the symptoms or the metabolic nature of the disease? Explain.

Be sure to use in text citation and provide references for your sources. You will need to use outside sources for this discussion. When citing articles or other types of document, follow standard guidelines as introduced on this [page] (http://tim.thorpeallen.net/Courses/Reference/Citations.html “Citing references in scientific research papers”).

After posting your discussion on the forum, briefly comment in a constructive manner to at least two of your peer’s postings. In your comments, you may for instance refer to how your own experience supports/contradicts the opinions developed by your peers. You may also ask for more detailed examples supporting these opinions, if you think they are too general or not rooted enough in personal experience. In particular, make sure that the examples provided are properly referenced and that you are able to access them. Overall, your comments should contribute positively to the conversation by broadening or clarifying it.

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Week 2 Lab – Diffusion

Diffusion is the natural tendency of molecules to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. This movement continues until equilibrium is established (equal concentration of the molecules throughout the environment). Simple diffusion is sometimes used to evenly distribute molecules inside the cytoplasm of a cell. The rate of diffusion can be affected by many factors but in general the rate of diffusion increases as temperature increases. At higher temperatures molecules have more energy and move at higher speeds thereby increasing the rate of diffusion.

Materials:

2 tea bags

2 clear cups or glasses (at least 10 oz volume)

1 cup very cold water

1 cup very hot water

Clock or stopwatch

Methods

Place the two cups or glasses on a countertop or table where they can be easily observed. Fill one cup with the cold water and the second cup with the hot water. Place one tea bag in each cup. Once you have placed the tea bags in the cups do not stir, agitate or mix the water or cups in anyway.

Note the time (or start the stopwatch) when you place the tea bags in the water. Now closely observe the two cups and watch the diffusion of tea occur (watch the brown color move into the water—it’s becoming tea). Record the time it takes for each cup to turn completely brown.

Hypothesis

After reading the above information can you make a prediction about the outcome of the experiment?

State your hypothesis:

Results

Sample	Time (minutes)
Tea bag and cold water
Tea bag and hot water

Conclusions

Do the results you obtained support or contradict your hypothesis?

Why?

If no, formulate a new hypothesis that will be supported by the data you collect.