Science Homework Help

All original work

Please follow instructions from attachment.

plagiarism free

please answer all 10 questions

include a rough draft

part 1

Suppose that vampires actually exist and that the condition is caused by a prion disease
that eliminates the ability to manufacture red blood cells (RBC) by changing their body’s
DNA throughout the bone marrow. They need to drink blood in order to replenish their
RBC count. RBC are normally produced in the bone marrow and destroyed in the
spleen once they have existed for about 4 months. Sketch a diagram of the two
regulatory pathways, including feedback loops, described here (i.e. sketch one diagram
for normal humans and sketch another for the modified vampire pathway): The number
of red blood cells (RBC count) in the body is the variable being regulated. Over time, the
number of RBC decreases due to the action of the spleen. However, if exposed to
sunlight, which triggers activation of Vitamin D, which in vampires dramatically raises
the Ca++ concentration in plasma, triggering apoptosis (cell death) of RBC so sunlight
is a stimulus that will decrease RBC. The kidneys have nerve endings that detect blood
O2 levels as a measure of RBC count and release the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) to
stimulate the release of RBC from the bone marrow. However, in vampires, the bone
marrow cannot make more cells. They have evolved a mechanism where the release of
EPO triggers a diversion of blood flow away from the spleen to slow the rate of RBC
destruction. Also, detection of low RBC count triggers the vampire brain to release the
hormone vampyrine which causes the sensation of hunger. If the vampire feeds, levels
of RBC go up since they are not digested but transported into the blood vessels.

part 2

Read the paper “Prediabetes Phenotype Influences Improvements in Glucose
Homeostasis with Resistance Training” by JD Eikenberg et. al (2016) from PLOS One
posted as a .pdf file in the “Introduction to Physiology” Canvas folder (or found here
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148009 )
(Links to an external site.)
and answer the questions about it. Write your answers in complete sentences. I am
expecting your answers to be from one to seven sentences, depending on the question.
(I am not looking for a lot of writing, just to see if you read and understood the paper
and to see what your opinion is about some of the issues raised in it.) I will award points
based on the correctness and completeness of answers, or if it is your opinion that it
makes sense and that you explained your position clearly.