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Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in human populations. The emphasis is on populations (Rothman et al., 2008 as cited in Tappan, 2016, p.107) rather than on individual clients. In epidemiological studies, incidence and prevalence are often of interest. Incidence is the frequency (count of new cases) of new occurrences of the disease, illness, or injury being studied within a given population. Prevalence, on the other hand, is the count of all existing cases at a given time in a specified population (Bhopal, 2002 as cited in Tappan, 2016). Epidemiology is the scientific method of investigation problem-solving used by disease detectives— epidemiologists, laboratory scientists, statisticians, physicians and other health care providers, and public health professionals—to get to the root of health problems and outbreaks in a community. One example that I would like to mention is the COVID 19 outbreak (www.cdc.gov,n.d). When a new infectious disease is discovered, epidemiologists work with other scientists to find who has it, why they have it, and what can they do about it. From the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, scientists around the world have been working together to

• Identify the source of Infection
• Monitor and track the disease
• Study the disease
• Develop guidance for actions to slow down the spread of disease and lessen its impact.

(www.cdc.gov,n.d.)

Although we are still fighting COVID 19, the responsible and combined efforts of the scientists and leaders have helped controlling the severity of the pandemic and development of a vaccine. The epidemiologists also provide evidence-based guidelines to the community to control and manage COVID -19, like wearing masks, social distancing, hand hygiene, testing, clinical care, preparedness for healthcare facilities, personal prevention measures, case reporting, personal protective equipment, daily life and coping (www.cdc.gov, n.d.).